Te Tāuta i ngā Pouaka Haumaru Rino: Aratohu Hangarau

Ngā Paerewa Tāutanga mō ngā Pouaka Haumaru Rino

I te wā e tāuta ana i ngā pou haumaru maitai taumaha—ina koa i ngā taiao uaua pēnei i te takutai moana, i ngā tahataha awa, i ngā rohe ahumahi makuku nui rānei—ko te pakari o te turanga te mea nui. Ko te kaha o te pou e rite ana ki tōna pūnaha punga. Mā te whakauru tika i te anga tiaki (ringa) ka whakarite i te ātete pānga mō te wā roa, ā, ka ārai i te nekehanga hanganga i roto i te wā.

Kei raro nei te aratohu tāutanga hangarau mō te whakauru i ngā anga pou haumaru maitai puta noa i ngā whenua me ngā āhuatanga wai.

Tāutanga Whenua Maroke me te Wai Pāpaku

Mō ngā whakaurunga paerewa i runga i te whenua maroke, i te wai pāpaku rānei, ko te hohonu o te whakaurunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga o te oneone:

• Ngā Papa Oneone Ārai-ā-roto (Uku/Oneone Mātotoru):Me rite te hohonu o te tanumanga o te anga1.0 ki te 1.5 ngā wā o te whānui o wahoo te anga, me te hohonutanga iti rawa o1.0 mita.

• Ngā Papa Oneone Ātete (Onepū/Paraoa):Whakamahia te ōwehenga hohonu rite tonu ki runga ake nei. Heoi, hei ārai i te wai kia pakaru te turanga, keria, ka whakakapia te oneone onepu ki te uku kua whakakīia, kāore e uru ki roto. Me toro atu tēnei ārai uku kia iti rawa0.5 mita i rarote taha raro o te anga, me te diameter whakakī whakakapi e nui ake ana i te diameter o te anga mā te0.5 ki te 1.0 mita.

• Wai Pāpaku me te Whenua Pūmau:Mena kei raro iho i te 3 mita te hohonutanga o te wai, ā, kāore he paparanga paru ngoikore, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tetikanga tapahi tuwheraMe whakarite kia tino kikī te paru huri noa i te raro me ngā taha o te anga, kia paparua.

Wai Hōhonu, Parapara, me ngā Papa Awa Ngāwari

I ngā taiao makuku nui, i ngā taiao wai rānei, me karo te anga i ngā paparanga mata ngohengohe hei punga ki te whenua e mau ana i te kawenga:

• Te paru matotoru me te paru ngohengohe:Me uru hohonu te taha o raro o te anga ki roto i tētahi paparanga oneone pumau, ā-kore e uru. Ki te kore he paparanga ā-kore e taea te tae atu, me pana te anga.0.5 ki te 1.0 mitaki roto i tētahi paparanga kirikiri matotoru, kirikiri rānei.

• Ngā awa e pāngia ana e te wai:Mō ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e ngā ia e neke haere ana me te horo, me noho te raro o te anga kia iti rawa1.0 mita i raro i te rārangi horoi whānui. I ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te horo nui o te rohe, me whakakore i te iti rawa1.0 mita i raro i te rārangi horoi ā-rohe.

• Wai Hōhonu (Neke atu i te 3m):Mēnā kei te mahi koe i ngā hōhonutanga wai neke atu i te 3 mita, whakauhia te anga ma te whakamahi i tētahi papa mahi motuhake me te anga ārahi. Totohuhia te anga ki tōna tūranga ma te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ngaio pēnei i te wiri, te hama, te pupuhi wai rānei.

Te Āhuarangi Tino Kino me ngā Rohe Huka-Maehe

Ka ngāwari te neke i ngā turanga pāpaku e te nekehanga o te oneone i puta mai i te huka.

• Ngā Rohe Hukapapa o te Wā:Me uru te raro o te anga ki roto i te iti rawa0.5 mita ki roto i te oneone kāore i tioi raro i te rārangi huka ā-rohe.

• Ngā Rohe Hukapapa Tuturu:Me uru te anga ki roto i te iti rawa0.5 mita tika ki roto i te paparanga hukapapa totokahei pupuri i te pumau o te hanganga.

Ngā Paerewa Whakateitei, Whakarite, me te Manawanui

He mea nui te tika o te mahi i te wā e totohu ana kia noho poutū tonu te pou, kia kitea nuitia hoki:

• Ngā Whakaritenga Teitei:Me noho te mata o runga o te anga2.0 mita te teitei akei te taumata wai hanga (te taumata wai whenua rānei), ā, i te iti rawa0.5 mita te teitei akei te papa hanga kua oti. Me ōrite hoki ki te teitei e hiahiatia ana o te taumata raima o roto, o te paru rānei.

• Ngā Mana Totohu (Mō ngā anga i raro i te 3m):Ki te whakamahi koe i te hama, i te wiri rānei hei totohu i te anga, me āta aroturuki me te whakahaere i te tūnga whakapae, te pikinga poutū, me te kounga o te hononga hononga.

• Ngā Ātete e Whakaaetia ana:Mō te anga kua u tonu, ko te rerekētanga whakapae e whakaaetia ana o te mata o runga ko50 mm, ā, ko te pekanga poutū mōrahi e whakaaetia ana (te piko) ko1%.

Ngā Paerewa Ahumahi me ngā Tohutoro Hangarau

Hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa haumaru hanganga me ngā paerewa turanga o te ao, ka hangai ēnei mahi tāutanga ki:

1. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hoahoa Piriti AASHTO LRFD:Mā tēnei paerewa ka whakaratohia ngā tātaitanga paearu mō te ātete oneone taha, ngā tātaitanga raina haehae, me te pono o te hanganga turanga hōhonu i roto i ngā mahi tūmatanui.

2. ASTM D1143 / D1143M (Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau Paerewa mō ngā Tūāpapa Hōhonu i raro i te Utaina Pēhi Tuaka Pūmau):Ko tēnei paerewa e whakahaere ana i te whanonga o ngā anga me ngā pou e peia ana e te hōhonu i raro i te kawenga i roto i ngā momo oneone rerekē, kia mōhio ai koe ka tukuna e ngā ōwehenga whakakapinga oneone me te hōhonu kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei te ātete pānga nui rawa atu.