Gushyiramo udusanduku twa Bollard tw’umutekano w’icyuma: Ubuyobozi bw’ubuhanga

Amahame agenga ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho by'umutekano bya Bollard byakozwe mu byuma

Mu gushyiramo imigozi ikomeye y'icyuma gikingira umutekano—cyane cyane mu bidukikije bigoye nko ku nkengero z'inyanja, ku nkengero z'imigezi, cyangwa mu duce tw'inganda dufite ubushuhe bwinshi—ubuziranenge bw'urufatiro ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi. Umugozi uba ukomeye nk'uko sisitemu yawo yo kuwufata ikomeza. Gushyiramo neza agasanduku gakingira (amaboko) bituma ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi burambye kandi bikarinda ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'inzu uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Hasi hari ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki bwo gushyiramo udusanduku tw'icyuma dukingira umutekano mu kirere no mu mazi atandukanye.

Gushyiramo amazi y'ubutaka bwumutse n'amazi magufi

Ku bijyanye n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho ubutaka bwumutse cyangwa mu mazi maremare, ubujyakuzimu bwo gushyiramo ibintu bushingira ku buryo butaziguye ku miterere y'ubutaka:

• Uduce tw'ubutaka tudapfa gucika (Ibumba/Isi yuzuye):Ubujyakuzimu bw'aho bashyingura bugomba kubaInshuro 1.0 kugeza kuri 1.5 z'umurambararo w'inyumacy'igisenge, gifite ubujyakuzimu buto cyane bwaMetero 1.0.

• Uduce tw'ubutaka dushobora kwemerwa (Umucanga/Umucanga):Koresha uburebure bumwe nk'ubwo twavuze haruguru. Ariko, kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi yangiza urufatiro, banza ucukure hanyuma usimbuze ubutaka bw'umucanga n'ibumba ritoroshye kwinjiramo. Uru ruzitiro rw'ibumba rugomba kwaguka niburaUnsi ya metero 0.5impera yo hasi y'igisenge, hamwe n'umurambararo w'igisenge usimbuwe urenze umurambararo w'igisenge nametero 0.5 kugeza kuri 1.0.

• Amazi magufi n'ubutaka buhamye:Niba uburebure bw'amazi buri munsi ya metero 3 kandi nta gice cy'ubutaka gikonje, ushobora gukoreshauburyo bwo gufunguraMenya neza ko ibumba riri inyuma y'aho riherereye rifatanye neza mu byiciro.

Amazi maremare, Ubutaka, n'Inkombe z'Uruzi zoroshye

Mu bidukikije birimo ubushuhe bwinshi cyangwa amazi, igisenge kigomba kunyura ku buso bworoshye kugira ngo gifate ubutaka butwara imizigo:

• Ubutaka bwinshi n'ibyondo byoroshye:Inkombe yo hasi y'igisenge igomba kwinjira cyane mu butaka buhamye kandi budashobora kuvomerwa. Iyo nta gisenge kidashobora kuvomerwa kigerwaho, igisenge kigomba kugendametero 0.5 kugeza kuri 1.0mu gice cy'amabuye cyangwa utubuye duto cyane.

• Inkombe z'imigezi zishobora guterwa na Scour:Ku bice bishobora guhindukamo imigezi n'isuri, hasi h'igisenge hagomba kuba niburaMetero 1.0 munsi y'umurongo rusange wo gupimaMu turere duhura n'isuri ikomeye, igomba kunyuramo niburaMetero 1.0 munsi y'umurongo wo gupima aho hantu.

• Amazi y'ubujyakuzimu (arenga metero 3):Mu gihe ukorera mu mazi arenga metero 3, fata agasanduku ukoresheje urubuga rwabugenewe rwo gukoreramo n'igitereko cy'ubuyobozi. Shyira agasanduku mu mwanya wako ukoresheje uburyo bw'umwuga nko guhindagura, gutera inyundo, cyangwa guterura amazi.

Uduce duto cyane tw’ikirere n’uduce dukonje cyane

Ihindagurika ry'ubutaka riterwa n'ubukonje rishobora kwimura byoroshye ishingiro rito cyane.

• Uduce dukonjeshwa mu gihe cy'umwaka:Igice cyo hasi cy'igisenge kigomba kwinjira niburaMetero 0.5 mu butaka butarakonjeshwamunsi y'umurongo w'ubukonje bwo muri ako gace.

• Uduce dukonje cyane:Agasanduku kagomba kwinjira byibuzemetero 0.5 mu buryo butaziguye mu gice cy'ubutaka gikonje cyanekugira ngo habeho umutekano mu miterere y'inyubako.

Ibipimo byo kuzamura, guhuza, no kwihanganira

Ubuhanga mu gihe cyo kurohama ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibara ry'umukara rikomeze kuba rihagaze neza kandi rigaragara neza:

• Ibisabwa ku burebure:Igice cyo hejuru cy'igisenge kigomba kubaUbwinshi bwa metero 2.0ugereranyije n'urugero rw'amazi yo mu bwubatsi (cyangwa urugero rw'amazi yo mu butaka), kandi niburaUbwinshi bwa metero 0.5kurusha ubutaka bwubatswe bwarangiye. Bugomba kandi kuba buhuye n'uburebure busabwa bwa sima y'imbere cyangwa urwego rw'ibyondo.

• Uburyo bwo kugenzura imiyoboro yo mu mazi (Ku dusanduku turi munsi ya metero 3):Niba ukoresha inyundo cyangwa vibration kugira ngo ucenge agasanduku, genzura witonze kandi ugenzure uburyo gahagaze, aho gahagaze, n'uburyo ingingo zihuzwa neza.

• Ubwihangane bwemewe:Ku gisenge cyuzuye, kunyura mu buryo butambitse byemewe ku buso bwo hejuru nimm 50, kandi kunyura mu buryo buhagaze (inclination) ntarengwa byemewe ni1%.

Amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda n'amabwiriza y'ubuhanga

Kugira ngo harebwe ko hakurikizwa amahame y’umutekano ku rwego rw’isi n’amahame y’ishingiro, ibi bikorwa byo gushyiraho bihuye na:

1. Ibisobanuro by'igishushanyo cya AASHTO LRFD Bridge:Iri hame ritanga ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kubara ubutaka budashobora guhangana n’ubutaka, kubara imirongo yo gupima, n’ubuziranenge bw’imiterere y’ubutaka mu mirimo rusange.

2. ASTM D1143 / D1143M (Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupima Ishingiro Rizimbitse Rifite Umutwaro Udahindagurika w’Umugongo):Iri hame rigenga uburyo udusanduku n'ibirundo byinjira mu butaka byimbitse byitwara munsi y'umutwaro mu bwoko butandukanye bw'ubutaka, rikerekana ko ikigereranyo cy'ubutaka n'ubujyakuzimu byavuzwe haruguru bitanga ubudahangarwa ntarengwa ku ngaruka.