Ukufaka Ama-Bollard Casings Okuphepha Kwensimbi: Umhlahlandlela Wobunjiniyela

Izindinganiso Zokufaka Zezingxenyana Zensimbi Zokuphepha

Uma kufakwa ama-bollard okuphepha ensimbi esindayo—ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinzima njengezingugwini, ogwini lomfula, noma ezindaweni zezimboni ezinomswakama ophezulu—ubuqotho besisekelo buyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. I-bollard iqine njengohlelo lwayo lokubambelela. Ukushumeka kahle i-casing yokuvikela (umkhono) kuqinisekisa ukumelana nokushayisana kwesikhathi eside futhi kuvimbela ukushintsha kwesakhiwo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngezansi umhlahlandlela wokufaka wezobuchwepheshe wokushumeka amabhokisi ensimbi okuphepha ezindaweni ezahlukene kanye nezimo zamanzi.

Ukufakwa Komhlaba Owomile Namanzi Angajulile

Ngokufakwa okujwayelekile emhlabathini owomile noma emanzini angajulile, ukujula kokushumeka kuncike ngqo esakhiweni senhlabathi:

• Izendlalelo Zomhlabathi Ezingangeni (Ubumba/Umhlaba Ominyene):Ukujula kwesikhala sokungcwaba kumele kubeUbubanzi bangaphandle buphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.0 kuya kwezingu-1.5kwebhokisi, ngokujula okuncane okuqinileImitha eli-1.0.

• Izendlalelo Zenhlabathi Ezingena Emhlabathini (Isihlabathi/Udaka):Sebenzisa isilinganiso sokujula esifanayo nesingenhla. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uvimbele amanzi ukuthi abhidlize isisekelo, vula bese ubuyisela inhlabathi enesihlabathi ngobumba oluqinile, olungangeni amanzi. Lesi sivimbelo sobumba kufanele sande okungenaniAmamitha angu-0.5 ngaphansiunqenqema olungezansi lwebhokisi, olunobubanzi bokugcwalisa emuva obudlula ububanzi bebhokisi ngo0.5 kuya ku-1.0 amamitha.

• Amanzi Angajulile kanye Nomhlaba Ozinzile:Uma ukujula kwamanzi kungaphansi kwamamitha amathathu futhi kungekho ungqimba olubuthakathaka lwe-silt, ungasebenzisaindlela evulekileQinisekisa ukuthi ubumba olungemuva oluzungeze phansi nasemaceleni kwebhokisi luhlanganiswe kahle ngezendlalelo.

Amanzi Ajulile, Udaka, kanye Nomfula Othambile

Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu noma zasemanzini, i-casing kumele idlule izendlalelo ezithambile ukuze inamathele emhlabathini othwala umthwalo:

• Udaka Olukhulu Nodaka Oluthambile:Unqenqema olungezansi lwebhokisi kumele lungene lujule luye engqimbeni yomhlabathi ezinzile, engangenwa amanzi. Uma kungekho ngqimba engangenwa amanzi efinyelelekayo, ibhokisi kumele lishayele0.5 kuya ku-1.0 amamithaibe ungqimba oluqinile noma oluyitshe elincane.

• Izindawo Zomfula Ezisengozini Yokushaywa Yi-Scour:Ezindaweni ezithinteka yiziphethu ezishintshashintshayo kanye nokuguguleka komhlabathi, ingxenye engezansi yesikhala kumele okungenani ihlale phansi.Imitha eli-1.0 ngaphansi komugqa ojwayelekile wokuhlolaEzindaweni ezibhekene nokuguguleka okukhulu kwendawo, kumele okungenani kudluleImitha eli-1.0 ngaphansi komugqa wendawo wokuhlola.

• Amanzi Ajulile (Angaphezu kuka-3m):Uma usebenza emanzini ajulile angaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, qinisa i-casing usebenzisa ipulatifomu yokusebenza ezinikele kanye nohlaka lomhlahlandlela. Faka i-casing endaweni yayo usebenzisa izindlela zobungcweti ezifana nokudlidliza, ukubhoboza nge-hammer, noma ukujikijela ngamanzi.

Izindawo Ezinesimo Sezulu Esibi Kakhulu Nezindawo Ezincibilika Ngokuqanda

Ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi okubangelwa ukugcwala kweqhwa kungasusa kalula izisekelo ezingajulile.

• Izindawo Zokuqandisa Zesizini:Ingaphansi lebhokisi kumele lingene okungenaniAmamitha angu-0.5 enhlabathini engaqandisiwengaphansi komugqa weqhwa wendawo.

• Izindawo Ezihlala Ziyiqhwa:Ibhokisi kumele lingene okungenaniAmamitha angu-0.5 ngqo engqimbeni eqinile ye-permafrostukugcina ukuqina kwesakhiwo.

Izindinganiso Zokuphakama, Ukuqondanisa, kanye Nokubekezelelana

Ukunemba ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwila kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-bollard ihlala iqonde phezulu futhi ibonakala kahle:

• Izidingo Zokuphakama:Ingxenye ephezulu yebhokisi kumele ihlale phansiAmamitha angu-2.0 ukuphakamakunezinga lamanzi okwakha (noma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba), kanye okungenaniAmamitha angu-0.5 ukuphakamakunenhlabathi yokwakha eqediwe. Kumelwe futhi ifane nokuphakama okudingekayo kwekhonkrithi yangaphakathi noma izinga lodaka.

• Izilawuli Zokucwila (Ngezimbobo ezingaphansi kuka-3m):Uma usebenzisa isando noma ukudlidliza ukuze ucwilise i-casing, qapha ngokucophelela futhi ulawule ukuhambisana okuvundlile, ukuthambekela okuqondile, kanye nekhwalithi yokuxhumanisa amalunga.

• Ukubekezelelana Okuvumelekile:Ukuze kube nebhokisi elisethwe ngokugcwele, ukuphambuka okuvundlile okuvunyelwe kwendawo ephezulu ku-50 mm, futhi ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe okuqondile (ukuthambekela) kungukuthi1%.

Izindinganiso Zemboni kanye Nezinkomba Zobunjiniyela

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kwesakhiwo somhlaba wonke kanye nezindinganiso zesisekelo, le mikhuba yokufaka ihambisana nalokhu:

1. Imininingwane Yomklamo Webhuloho Le-AASHTO LRFD:Leli zinga linikeza izibalo zokulinganisa ukumelana nenhlabathi eseceleni, izibalo zomugqa wokuskena, kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo esiyisisekelo esijulile emisebenzini yomphakathi.

2. I-ASTM D1143 / D1143M (Izindlela Zokuhlola Ezijwayelekile Zezisekelo Ezijulile Ngaphansi Komthwalo Oqinile We-Axial Compressive):Le ndinganiso ilawula indlela izimbobo eziqhutshwa ngokujulile kanye nezinqwaba eziziphatha ngayo ngaphansi komthwalo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zokufakwa esikhundleni kwenhlabathi kanye nokujula okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla ziletha ukumelana okukhulu komthelela.